Radios used in combat robotics play a crucial role in enabling communication between the robot and its operator. These radios facilitate control commands and telemetry data transmission, allowing operators to maneuver their robots effectively during competitions. Here’s an in-depth look at the types of radios used, their features, and considerations for combat robotics:
Types of Radios
Remote Control (RC) Transmitters: These are handheld devices used by operators to control the robot. They typically feature joysticks or knobs that allow for precise control of the robot’s movements. Common brands include FrSky, Radiomaster and Spectrum. which offer a range of transmitters with varying channel counts and features.
Receivers: Receivers are mounted on the robot and decode the signals sent by the transmitter. They relay control commands to the robot’s electronic speed controllers (ESCs) and other components. Receivers can have varying ranges and channel counts, and some models are designed for specific brands of transmitters.
Form Factors: Radios used for combat robotics generally come in two major form factors – Stick and trigger style. Stick radios are the most common with two gimbal sticks and several programable switches and buttons. Some use trigger style radios which is commonly used for RC Car racing. These are used more in the lower-weight categories such as faryweight and antwaight.
Telemetry Radios: These radios are used for transmitting data back to the operator, such as battery voltage, temperature, or other data.
Trigger style Radiomaster MT12 Surface radio.
Features to Consider
Frequency Band: Most combat robotics use the 2.4 GHz band for control and telemetry, as it is widely accepted and offers a good balance between range and interference resistance.
Range: The effective range of the radio system is crucial. Combat robots often operate in confined spaces, but having a good range allows for more flexibility in movement and positioning.
Channel Count: The number of channels on a transmitter determines how many functions can be controlled simultaneously. More channels are necessary for complex robots with multiple actuators and functions. Smaller competition weight limits need less channels. Combat robots need a bare minimum of two channels to allow for motion – forward/backward as one channel and left/right as another. Each weapon or other controllable part of the robot will need another channel. Some bots have a channel dedicated to reversing the motion controllers in case the robot becomes upside down during the match.
Latency: Lower latency in communication is essential for combat robotics, as it allows for more responsive control. High latency can lead to delayed reactions, which can be detrimental in a competitive environment.
Interference Resistance: Combat arenas can be crowded with other robots, leading to potential interference. Using spread spectrum technologies (like frequency hopping) can help mitigate interference issues.
Failsafe Features: Failsafe functions are critical in combat robotics. If the signal from the radio is lost or interrupted, a good radio system will have mechanisms to safely shut down the bot.
Durability and Protection: Combat robots are exposed to significant physical stress, so the radio components should be robust and ideally protected against impacts and debris.
FlySky FS-i6 AFHDS 6CH Transmitter and 6CH FS-iA6B Receiver
Popular Brands and Systems
Since most hobbyist will be competing in the lower weight-limit categories (fairyweight , antweight, beetleweight), I will focus on the radio brands commonly used for those competitions.
FlySky: Offers very affordable, customizable transmitters with telemetry capabilities. Probably the most used radio for entry level combat robotics.
Radiomaster: Known for a range of reliable transmitters and receivers with telemetry capabilities.
Jumper: Compact and affordable, but still useful for the smaller weight limits.
RadioMaster Boxer Crush Radio
Applications in Combat Robotics
- Control of Drive Motors: Basic control of the robot’s movement, allowing it to drive forward, backward, and turn.
- Weapon Systems Control: Activation of weaponry, such as spinning blades, hammers, or flippers.
- Sensor Feedback: Monitoring various sensors for real-time data, helping operators make informed decisions.
Conclusion
Radios are a fundamental component of combat robotics, affecting everything from control and maneuverability to safety and performance. Choosing the right radio system involves considering various factors, including range, latency, and durability, to ensure that operators can effectively control their robots in the high-stakes environment of combat competitions. As technology continues to evolve, new innovations in radio communication will likely enhance the capabilities and performance of combat robots.
See all radios on my shop page